Sensory Processing Disorder
Sensory processing disorder (SPD) is when a person has difficulty with detecting, modulating, and interpreting sensory information resulting in abnormal responses to sensory stimuli. If these responses affect how a person functions in their daily living they may have sensory processing disorder. SPD is not always diagnosed, but can still affect a person in their everyday life.
Sensory Stimuli
Sensory stimuli is received through one or more of the 8 sensory systems.
Smell, Auditory, Vision, Tactile, Taste, Vestibular, Proprioception, Interoception
Nervous System
The sensory systems send messages to the nervous system (N.S.)
N.S. includes the brain to the spinal cord to the peripheral nerves
Responses
The N.S. turns the messages into sensory responses.
Responses can look like some of the following:
-Covering your ears, and refusing to enter a room due to a loud noise
-Refusing to wear a new shirt due to how the new fabric feels on your skin
-Gagging from a terrible smell (10 day old trash)
Some people have such adverse responses to sensory stimuli it can affect their participation/function in typical every day tasks. Occupational therapy uses sensory integration to help a person/child reach their optimal level of arousal and regulation, thus allowing them to function in those simple everyday tasks again.
Sensory Integration is…
A theory created by Occupational Therapist Jean Ayres that focuses on sensory-motor factors that affect
Behavior
Skill development
Learning
Participation
Sensory systems and the integration of their inputs are important contributors to behavior and learning
S.I. theory aims to identify an individualized approach to each child’s unique sensory needs
Sensory techniques and tools will be integrated into each child’s daily activities and occupations
Addresses areas of participation and engagement in occupation that are affected by sensory issues